Workshop Manual D
Technical Data 2(0)
D5A T, D5A TA
D7A T, D7A TA, D7C TA
Technical data
Marine engines
D5A T, D5A TA,
D7A T, D7A TA, D7C TA
Contents
Safety information ................................................. 2
General information .............................................. 5
Repair instructions ................................................ 6
Technical data ....................................................... 9
General ................................................................... 9
Cylinder head ........................................................ 10
Cylinder liners ....................................................... 10
Cylinder head gasket ............................................ 11
Crank mechanism ................................................. 12
Connecting rods .................................................... 14
Pistons ................................................................. 15
Camshaft .............................................................. 16
Timing gears ......................................................... 16
Flywheel ............................................................... 16
Valve mechanism ................................................. 17
Lubrication system ................................................ 19
Fuel specification .................................................. 21
Fuel feed pump ..................................................... 21
Cooling system ..................................................... 22
Injector pumps ...................................................... 23
Determining shim thickness when changing an
injector pump ........................................................ 24
Determining shim thickness for when an injector
valve should open ................................................. 25
Determining the corrected fitting measurement
(Ek) and EP code for an injector pump .................. 26
Regulator .............................................................. 28
Control rod ............................................................ 28
Inlet and exhaust systems .................................... 29
Tightening torque .................................................. 30
References to service bulletins .......................... 34
Safety information
Safety information
Introduction
This workshop manual contains technical data, de- Ensure that the warning and information stickers
scriptions and repair instructions for the Volvo Penta on the product are always visible. Replace any
products or product variants listed in the table of con- stickers that have been damaged or painted
tents. Make sure you are using the correct workshop over.
manual.
Read this safety information and the “General in-
Engines with a turbocharger: Never start the
formation” and “Repair instructions” in the work-
engine without the air filter fitted. The rotating
shop manual thoroughly before starting any serv-
compressor wheel in the turbo could cause seri-
icing.
ous injury. Foreign objects entering the inlet pipe
could cause damage.
Important Never use start spray or similar substances to
The following special warning symbols are used in this help start the engine. There could be an explosi-
workshop manual and on the product: on in the inlet pipe, which could cause injury.
WARNING! Warns of a risk of injury, serious
damage to the product or property, or that seri- Avoid opening the coolant filler cap (freshwater-
ous malfunctions could occur if the instruction is cooled engines) when the engine is hot. Steam
not followed. or hot coolant could spurt out as the pressure is
IMPORTANT! Is used to draw attention to released. Open the filler cap slowly and release
things that could cause damage to or malfunc- the pressure in the cooling system. Be extreme-
tion of the product or property. ly careful if you have to remove a cock, plug or
NOTE! Is used to draw attention to important informa- coolant hose when the engine is hot. Steam and
tion to facilitate procedures or handling. hot coolant can spurt out in unexpected direc-
tions.
In order to give you an overview of the risks that are Hot oil can cause burns. Avoid skin contact with
always present and the safety measures that should hot oil. Ensure that the oil system is de-pressu-
always be performed, we have listed them here: rized before doing any work on it. Never start or
run the engine with the oil filler cap removed,
Before carrying out servicing, prevent the engine due to the risk of oil being thrown out.
from being started by switching off the electrical
supply using the main switch(es) and locking it
(them) in the off position. Put up a warning sign Stop the engine and close the sea cock before
at the driving position. opening up the cooling system.
All servicing should normally be carried out with Start the engine only in a well ventilated area.
the engine stationary. However, some jobs, for When running in an enclosed area, exhaust gas-
example certain adjustments, require the engine ses should be led out of the engine room or
to be running. Approaching a running engine is a workshop area.
safety risk. Bear in mind that loose, dangling
clothes or long hair can get caught in rotating
parts and lead to serious injury. If you are wor- Always use protective goggles when there is a
king near an engine that is running, a careless risk of splinters, grinding sparks, acid splashes
movement or dropped tool could result, in the or other chemicals. The eyes are particularly
worst case, in injury. Be careful of hot surfaces sensitive; an accident could cause you to lose
and hot fluids in pipes and hoses of an engine your sight.
that is running or has just been stopped. Refit all
protective devices that were removed during
servicing, before you start the engine.
2
Safety information
Avoid skin contact with oil. Long-term or repea- Batteries should never be exposed to an open
ted skin contact with oil can lead to the skin lo- flame or electric spark. Never smoke near the
sing its natural oils, resulting in irritation, drying, batteries. The batteries produce hydrogen gas
eczema and other skin problems. From a health during charging, which forms oxyhydrogen gas
point of view, used oil is more hazardous than when it mixes with air. This gas is highly flam-
new oil. Use protective gloves and avoid oil-so- mable and very explosive. A spark, which can
aked clothes and rags. Wash regularly, especi- be created if the batteries are connected incor-
ally before meals. Use barrier cream to counte- rectly, is sufficient to cause a battery to explo-
ract drying and make it easier to get your skin de, causing injury and damage. Do not disturb
clean. the connections when trying to start the engine
(it could cause sparks) and do not lean over any
of the batteries.
Most of the chemicals intended for use with the
product (e.g. engine and transmission oils, gly-
col, gasoline and diesel) and chemicals for Always make sure you connect the positive and
workshop use (e.g. degreaser, lacquers and sol- negative leads to the correct terminals when you
vents) are dangerous to health. Read the in- are fitting the batteries. If you get them mixed
structions on the packaging carefully. Always up, it could cause serious damage to the electri-
follow the safety instructions (e.g. the use of re- cal equipment. Check the wiring diagram.
spiratory protective equipment, protective gog-
gles, gloves etc.). Ensure that other personnel
are not inadvertently exposed to substances Always use protective goggles when charging
that are dangerous to health, for example by in- and handling batteries. The battery electrolyte
halation. Provide good ventilation. Handle used contains highly corrosive sulfuric acid. If the
and leftover chemicals in the prescribed man- electrolyte comes into contact with the skin,
ner. wash with soap and plenty of water. If battery
acid gets into your eyes, rinse straight away
with water and contact a doctor immediately.
Take the utmost care when searching for leaks
in fuel systems and testing fuel injectors. Wear
goggles. The jet from a fuel injector is at extre- Stop the engine and switch off the electrical
mely high pressure and has a very high penetra- supply using the main switch(es) before working
tive force. The fuel can penetrate deep into body on the electrical system.
tissues and cause serious injury. There is a
danger of blood poisoning.
Adjustments and connections should be done
with the engine stationary.
Like many chemicals, all fuels are highly flam-
mable. Ensure that open flames or sparks are
not able to start a fire. Gasoline, certain thinners Use the lifting eyes that are fitted to the engine/
and hydrogen gas from batteries are, in the cor- reverse gear when lifting the drive unit. Always
rect mixture with air, extremely flammable and check that all lifting devices are in good condi-
explosive. No smoking! Provide adequate venti- tion and that they have the right capacity for the
lation and take the necessary safety precau- lift (the weight of the engine with any reverse
tions before doing any welding or grinding near- gear and extra equipment).
by. Always have a fire extinguisher handy.
For safe handling and to avoid damaging com-
ponents fitted to the top of the engine, the en-
gine should be lifted using a lifting beam that is
Ensure that rags that are soaked with oil or fuel,
either specially designed for the engine or is ad-
and used fuel and oil filters, are stored safely. In
justable. All chains or cables should run parallel
certain conditions, oil-soaked rags can spon-
with one another, and as perpendicular as possi-
taneously combust. Used fuel and oil filters are
ble to the top of the engine.
environmentally hazardous waste and should be
taken to a waste disposal center to be de- If extra equipment that is fitted to the engine al-
stroyed, along with used lubricating oil, contami- ters its center of gravity, special lifting devices
nated fuel, paint residues, solvents, degreaser might be required to obtain the right balance and
and washing residues. safe handling.
Never work on an engine that is supported only
by the lifting device.
3
Safety information
Never work alone when removing heavy parts, Always use Volvo Penta recommended fuel.
even when using a safe lifting device like a lock- Using lower quality fuel can damage the engine.
able block and tackle. Even when using a lifting In a diesel engine, poor fuel can lead to the con-
device, two people are usually needed, one to trol rod seizing and the engine running too fast,
operate the lifting device and the other to make with a danger of both mechanical damage and
sure the parts are not jammed and do not get injury. Poor quality fuel can also lead to higher
damaged in the lift. When working aboard a maintenance costs.
boat, always make sure in advance that there is
sufficient space available for disassembly where
you are working, without causing any danger of
injury or damage.
Components in the electrical, ignition (gasoline
engines) and fuel systems of Volvo Penta pro-
ducts are designed and manufactured to minimi-
ze the risk of explosion and fire. The engine
should not be used in explosive environments.
© 2003 AB VOLVO PENTA
All rights to changes or modifications reserved.
Printed on environmentally-friendly paper
4
General information
General information
About the workshop manual Certified engines
This workshop manual contains descriptions and re- For engines that have been certified as complying
pair instructions for the following marine diesel en- with national and regional legislation, the manufacturer
gines: D5A T, D5A TA, D7A T, D7A TA and D7C TA. binds itself to ensure that both new engines and those
Always quote the engine designation and number in all in use meet the environmental requirements. The
correspondence about any of the products. The en- product must be equivalent to the example that was
gine model and number are shown on the identification approved for certification. In order for Volvo Penta, as
plate. the manufacturer, to be able to guarantee that engines
that are in operation meet the environmental require-
This workshop manual is primarily intended for Volvo ments, the following conditions for servicing and spare
Penta workshops and their trained personnel. It is as- parts must be observed:
sumed, therefore, that anyone using the manual pos-
ses basic knowledge of marine drive systems and can
● The maintenance and service intervals recom-
carry out the necessary mechanical and electrical
mended by Volvo Penta must be followed.
work.
● Only Volvo Penta Original Spare Parts intended for
AB Volvo Penta is continually developing its products,
the certified engine model may be used.
which is why we reserve the right to make changes.
All of the information in this handbook is based on ● Servicing of injector pumps, pump settings and in-
product data available at the time of going to press. jectors should always be performed by an author-
Information about any important changes that are ized Volvo Penta workshop.
made to the product or servicing methods after the ● The engine should not be rebuilt or modified, ex-
manual went to press will be made available in the cept for accessories and service kits that Volvo
form of Service Bulletins. Penta has approved for the engine.
● No changes may be made to the installation of the
engine-room exhaust pipes or air intake ducts.
● Seals should not be broken by anyone other than
authorized service personnel.
Spare parts
IMPORTANT! When spare parts are required,
Spare parts for the electrical and fuel systems con- use only Volvo Penta original parts.
form to various national safety regulations. Volvo
Penta Original Spare Parts conform to these regula- The use of non-original spare parts will re-
tions. All forms of damage resulting from the use of sult in AB Volvo Penta no longer being able
non-original Volvo Penta spare parts in the product will to be responsible for the engine correspond-
not be covered by the warranty provided by Volvo ing to the certified specification.
Penta.
Volvo Penta will not cover any damage or costs
arising from this.
5
Safety information
Repair instructions
The working methods described in this workshop Our joint responsibility
manual are applicable in a workshop; that is to say,
the engine has been removed from the boat and is Every engine is made up of many systems and com-
mounted on an engine stand. Overhauling that does ponents working together. A component that differs
not require the engine to be lifted out is done in situ, from the technical specification can dramatically in-
using the same procedures unless stated otherwise. crease the environmental impact from an otherwise
satisfactory engine. Consequently, it is of the utmost
The warning symbols that are used in the workshop
importance that the specified wear tolerances are ad-
manual (see “Safety Information” for meaning)
hered to, that systems that are adjustable are kept
WARNING! correctly set and that Volvo Penta Original Parts are
used for the engine. The times specified in the main-
tenance schedule for the engine must be followed.
IMPORTANT:
Certain systems, for example components in the fuel
NOTE! system, can require special knowledge and special
test equipment. For various reasons, including envi-
are not totally comprehensive, as it is obviously im- ronmental regulations, certain components are sealed
possible to foresee every eventually when servicing is at the factory. Do not tamper with components that
carried out in very varied conditions. Consequently, are sealed, unless you are authorized to carry out the
we can only point out the risks that we think could particular type of work.
arise if the wrong procedures are used in a well-
equipped workshop, using working methods and tools Remember that most chemical products, if used incor-
that we have tried and tested. rectly, can damage the environment. Volvo Penta rec-
ommends using biodegradable degreaser for all clean-
The procedures in this workshop manual are de- ing of engine components, unless stated otherwise in
scribed using special Volvo Penta tools, whenever the workshop manual. When working onboard a boat,
they exist. The special tools are designed to make the take particular care to ensure that oil, washing
procedures as safe and efficient as possible. For this residues etc. are taken for destruction and do not ac-
reason, anyone using tools or working methods other cidentally end up in the environment, along with the
than those that we recommend, must make certain bilge water for example.
that there is no risk of injury or damage, and that it
could not result in incorrect operation.
In certain cases, there are special safety regulations
Tightening torque
and instructions for use for the tools and chemicals The tightening torques for critical fixings that have to
specified in the workshop manual. These regulations be tightened using a torque wrench are listed in “Tech-
and instructions should always be followed, and there nical data: Tightening torque” and are given in the de-
are no special instructions regarding them in the work- scriptions of the procedures. All of the torque settings
shop manual. given apply to clean threads, bolt heads and mating
Most risks can be avoided by taking certain elemen- surfaces. The torque settings apply to lightly oiled or
tary precautions and using common sense. A clean dry threads. If lubricant, locking compound or sealant
workplace and a clean engine eliminate many risks of is required for the threads, the type is specified in the
both injury and incorrect operation. description of the procedure and in “Tightening
torque.” For fixings for which no particular torque is
It is of the outmost importance that dirt and foreign
specified, the tightening torques in the table below ap-
particles do not get into the engine, especially when
ply. These are guideline values, and the fixing does
working on the fuel system, lubrication system, inlet
not have to be tightened with a torque wrench.
system, turbo unit, bearings and seals, otherwise it
could lead to malfunctions or more frequent repairs.
Size Tightening torque
lbf.ft Nm
M5 ........................................... 4,4 6
M6 ........................................... 7,4 10
M8 ......................................... 18,4 25
M10 ....................................... 36,9 50
M12 .......................................... 59 80
M14 ..................................... 103,3 140
6
Safety information
Torque-tightening angle Sealants
With torque-tightening angle, the screw fixing is tight- Several different types of sealant and locking com-
ened to a specified torque and then turned further pound are used in the engine. The products have dif-
through a specified angle. For example, for a 90° tight- ferent properties, and they are intended for different
ening angle, the fixing is tightened an additional ¼ joint strengths, temperature ranges, resistance to oil
turn after the specified torque has been reached. and other chemicals, and for the different materials
and gap widths found in the engine.
For satisfactory servicing, it is important to use the
correct type of sealant or locking compound for the
fixings and joints that need them.
In the relevant sections of the workshop manual, we
have specified the products that are used in our en-
Locknuts gine production.
Locknuts that have been removed should not be re- When servicing the engine, the same products should
used. New locknuts should always be used, as the be used, or another brand that has the same proper-
locking ability is reduced or lost with repeated use. ties.
For locknuts with a plastic insert, e.g. Nylock®, the When using sealants and locking compounds, it is im-
specified tightening torque should be reduced if the portant that the surfaces are free of oil, grease, paint
Nylock® nut is the same height as a standard, solid and anti-rust compound, and are dry.
metal, hexagonal nut. The torque is reduced by 25%
Always follow the manufacturer’s instructions regard-
for bolts 8 mm or larger. For Nylock® nuts that are
ing permitted temperature range, hardening time etc.
higher (where the metal thread is the same height as a
for the product.
standard hex nut), the torque specified in the table ap-
plies. Two basic types of compound are used for the engine,
and characteristic of these are:
RTV compound (Room Temperature Vulcanizing).
Usually used in combination with gaskets, for exam-
ple, sealing gasket joints or spread on gaskets. RTV
compound can easily be seen when the part has been
removed. Old RTV compound must be removed be-
Tensile strength classes fore the joint is resealed.
Bolts and nuts are divided into different tensile The following RTV compounds might be specified in
strength classes. The class is shown by a number on the workshop manual: Loctite® 547, Permatex® No. 3
the head of the bolt, the higher the number, the higher and Permatex® No. 77. Old sealant can be removed
the tensile strength of the material. For example, a with denatured alcohol.
bolt marked 10-9 is stronger than a bolt marked 8-8. Anaerobic compounds. These compounds harden
Because of this, it is important to replace bolts in their (cure) in the absence of air. The compounds are used
original locations. When fitting new bolts, refer to the when two solid parts, e.g. castings, are fitted together
spare parts catalogue to ensure that you get the same without a gasket. Other common uses are for securing
type. and sealing plugs, stud threads, cocks, oil pressure
switches etc. Cured anaerobic compound is like
glass, so a color is added to make it visible. Cured
anaerobic compound is highly resistant to solvents,
and old compound can not be removed. When refitting
parts, it is important to first degrease them thoroughly
and then apply new sealant.
The following anaerobic compounds might be speci-
fied in the workshop manual: Loctite® 572 (white) and
Loctite® 241 (blue).
NOTE! Loctite is a registered trademark of the Loctite
Corporation; Permatex is a registered trademark of the Permatex
Corporation.
7
Safety information
Safety instructions for
fluorocarbon rubber
Fluorocarbon rubber is a common material, for example ● Always use neoprene gloves (gloves for handling
in axle sealing rings and O-rings. chemicals) and goggles.
When fluorocarbon rubber is subjected to high tempera- ● Handle a seal that has been removed in the same
tures (over 572°F (300°C)), hydrofluoric acid can be way as corrosive acid. All residues, even ash, can
produced, which is highly corrosive. Splashes in the be highly corrosive. Never use compressed air for
eyes can cause burns. Inhaling fumes can damage the cleaning.
airways. ● Put the remains in a plastic container, seal it and
WARNING! Take great care when working on apply a warning label. Wash the gloves under run-
engines that might have been subjected to high ning water before taking them off.
temperatures, for example overheating due to The following seals will almost certainly be made of
seizing or in a fire. Seals should never be burned fluorocarbon rubber:
off during dismantling, or burned later in an un-
controlled manner. Seals for the crankshaft, camshaft and counter
shafts.
O-rings, wherever they are fitted. O-rings for sealing
cylinder liners are almost always fluorocarbon rubber.
Note that seals that have not been subjected to
high temperatures can be handled normally.
8
Technical data
Technical data
General
Engine model D5A T D5A TA D7A T D7A TA D7C TA
Direction of rotation,
seen from flywheel end .............................. Counter- Counter- Counter- Counter- Counter-
clockwise clockwise clockwise clockwise clockwise
Number of cylinders ................................... 4 4 6 6 6
Cylinder diameter, mm (in.) ........................ 108 (4.25) 108 (4.25) 108 (4.25) 108 (4.25) 108 (4.25)
Stroke, mm (in.) ......................................... 130 (5.12) 130 (5.12) 130 (5.12) 130 (5.12) 130 (5.12)
Cylinder volume, in3 (dm3) ........................... 4.76.(290) 4.76.(290) 7.15 (436) 7.15 (436) 7.15 (436)
Number of valves ....................................... 8 8 12 12 12
Compression ratio ...................................... 17,6:1 17,6:1 17,6:1 17,6:1 17,6:1
Firing order ................................................. 1-3-4-2 1-3-4-2 1-5-3-6-2-4 1-5-3-6-2-4 1-5-3-6-2-4
Engine power, kW (hp)
Rating 1, 1900 rpm ..................................... 72 (98) 89 (121) 108 (147) 130 (177) 146 (198)
Rating 1, 2300 rpm ..................................... 81 (110) 102 (139) 123 (167) 148 (201) 166 (226)
Rating 2, 1900 rpm ..................................... 83 (113) 103 (140) 126 (171) 153 (208) 169 (230)
Rating 2, 2300 rpm ..................................... 95 (129) 118 (160) 129 (175) 174 (237) 195 (265)
Torque, Nm (lbf.ft.)
Rating 1, 1900 rpm ..................................... 362 (267) 447 (330) 543 (400) 653 (482) 729 (538)
Rating 1, 2300 rpm ..................................... 336 (248) 424 (313) 511 (377) 614 (453) 689 (508)
Rating 2, 1900 rpm ..................................... 417 (308) 517 (381) 633 (467) 769 (567) 849 (626)
Rating 2, 2300 rpm ..................................... 394 (291) 490 (361) 602 (444) 722 (532) 810 (597)
Slow idle, rpm ............................................ 775 ± 25 775 ± 25 750 ± 25 750 ± 25 750 ± 25
Max. permitted backward lean when
running, standard sump .............................. 15° 15° 15° 15° 15°
Dry weight, kg (lb) ...................................... 510 (1124) 525 (1157) 670 (1477) 690 (1521) 690 (1521)
9
Technical data
Cylinder head
Type .......................................................... Common cylinder head for all cylinders.
Max. permitted deviation from flat
(bottom face), mm (in.)
D5 .............................................................. 0.085 (0.0033)
D7 .............................................................. 0.125 (0.0049)
Cylinder head bolts
Thread size ................................................ M14
Quantity x length, mm (in.)
D5 .............................................................. 18 x 141(5.5)
D7 .............................................................. 26 x 141(5.5)
Cylinder liners
Exchangeable, wet
A
Type .......................................................... Exchangeable, wet
Number of sealing rings per cylinder .......... 2
Cylinder diameter ....................................... 108+0.02 mm (4.25”+0.0008”)
Max. wear diameter .................................... 108.1 mm (4.256”)
Height of liner collar (A) .............................. 9-0.02 mm (0.35”-0.0008”)
Depth of liner seat in cylinder block: .......... 8.92+0.03 mm (0.3512”+0.0012”)
Height of liner collar above surface of
cylinder block ............................................. 0.03-0.08 mm (0.0012-0.0031”)
10
Technical data
Cylinder head gasket
Measuring piston height over the face of the cylinder block
A dial gauge with a fixture (special tool 999 8678) is required for this measure-
ment. The piston is above the face of the cylinder block, at top dead center.
• Zero the dial gauge against the face of the cylinder block.
• Take measurements at points A and B, in line with the gudgeon pin.
• The distance between measuring points A and B is X.
• Measure all of the pistons in the same way.
• Determine the highest piston height over the face of the block.
The highest piston height over the face of the block determines which of the
three possible cylinder head gaskets should be used. The gaskets can be iden-
tified by identification holes, see the diagram below.
Measuring points for distance X: ........................... Ø 95 mm (3.7”)
Identification
1 hole .................... 0.28 – 0.53 mm (0.011 – 0.0209”)
2 holes ................. 0.54 – 0.63 mm (0.0213 – 0.0248”)
3 holes ................. 0.64 – 0.75 mm (0.0252 – 0.0295”)
11
Technical data
Crankshaft
Crank mechanism
Crankshaft, length ...................................... 973.2 mm
(38.31”)
Crankshaft, axial play1 0.1 – 0.3 mm
(0.004 – 0.012”)
Main bearings, radial play1 .............. 0.03 – 0.092 mm
(0.0012 – 0.0036”)
Max. permitted ovality of crankshaft
journals and big-end journals ........................ 0.01 mm
(0.0004”)
Max. cast at center bearing
D5 ................................................. 0.07 mm (0.003”)
D7 ...................................................0.1 mm (0.004”)
1)
The measurements apply to oiled parts.
Crankshaft bearing journals
Diameter Ø for machining (A),
E standard ............................................. 85 – 84.98 mm
F (3.3464 – 3.3457”)
B Undersize:
C
0.25 mm (0.01”) ............................ 84.75 – 84.73 mm
A (3.337 – 3.336”)
0.50 mm (0.02”) ............................ 84.50 – 84.48 mm
(3.327 – 3.326”)
D Crankshaft bearing journals
Roundness, max. tolerance ........... 0.01 mm (0.0004”)
Conicity, max. tolerance ............... 0.01 mm (0.0004”)
Width of axial journal (B),
standard .................................................... 38+0.06 mm
(1.5”+0.002”)
Oversize:
0.4 mm (0.016”) ..................................... 38.4+0.06 mm
(1.51”+0.0002”)
Thrust washers (axial bearing)
Width, standard (C) .................................. 2.9+0.05 mm
(0.11”+0.002”)
Oversize:
0.2 mm (0.008”) ....................................... 3.1+0.05 mm
(0.12”+0.002”)
Width (D): ............................................ 10 mm (0.39”)
Crankshaft bearing shells
Type: ................................................... exchangeable
Inside diameter Ø (E) .......................... 85.03+0.036 mm
(3.348”+0.0014”)
Undersize:
0.25 mm (0.0098”) ................................. 84.75-0.02 mm
(3.3366”-0.0008”)
0.5 mm (0.02”) ........................................ 84.5-0.02 mm
(3.3268”-0.0008”)
Thickness,
standard (F) ........................................ 2.727+0.008 mm
(0.1074”+0.0003”)
12
Technical data
Big-end bearing journals
Diameter for machining (G),
standard ..................................................... 68-0.02 mm
H
(2.68”-0.0008”)
G Undersize:
J
0.25 mm (0.0098”) ................................. 67.75-0.02 mm
(2.6673”-0.0008”)
0.5 mm (0.02”) ........................................ 67.5-0.02 mm
(2.6575”-0.0008”)
Width of axial journal (H) ........................ 35.5±0.02 mm
(1.398”±0.0008”)
Big-end bearing journals
Ovality, max. ................................ 0.01 mm (0.0004”)
Conicity, max. ............................... 0.01 mm (0.0004”)
Big-end bearing shells
Inside diameter Ø, connecting rod without bearing
shells ..................................................... 72.5+0.05 mm
(2.85”+0.002”)
Inside diameter Ø, standard,
bearing shell (J) .................................... 68.03+0.04 mm
(2.678”+0.0016”)
Oversize:
0.0098 in (0.25 mm) .............................. 67.78+0.04 mm
(2.668”+0.0016”)
0.02 in (0.5 mm) .................................... 67.53+0.04 mm
(2.659”+0.0016”)
13
Technical data
Connecting rods
Length, center to center (L) ..................... 210±0.06 mm
(8.27”±0.0024”)
Inside diameter of connecting
L rod bushing, Ø (M) ................................ 42.04+0.01 mm
M (1.655”+0.0004”)
Wear ............................................... 0.08 mm (0.003”)
When changing a bushing:
diameter of hole in connecting rod, Ø ..... 45.5+0.02 mm
(1.79”+0.0008”)
outside diameter of bushing, Ø ............. 45.58+0.04 mm
(1.794”+0.0016”)
Axial play:
Connecting rod - crankshaft2) ................ 0.3 – 0.4 mm
(0.012 – 0.016”)
Big-end bearings: Radial play2) ...... 0.036 – 0.096 mm
(0.0014 – 0.0038”)
Straightness:
Maximum permitted value when checking
Deviation per 100 mm (3.94”) .......................0.05 mm
(0.002”)
Twist:
Maximum permitted value when checking
Deviation per 100 mm (3.94”) .......................0.05 mm
(0.002”)
2)
The measurements apply to oiled parts.
Marking: The numbers on the connecting rod and
bearing cap should be facing one another and be
identical.
14
Technical data
Pistons
Number of piston ring grooves ................................. 3
Combustion chambers:
Diameter Ø ................................................ 71±0.1 mm
(2.79”±0.004”)
Depth ..................................................... 16.66±0.1 mm
(0.656”±0.004”)
Diameter Ø of gudgeon pin ........................ 42-0.006 mm
(1.65”-0.0002”)
Piston marking
Fit the pistons as shown in the diagram. The crank-
shaft symbol should by facing towards the flywheel.
The locating pins on the connecting rod should be fac-
ing towards the crankshaft symbol on the piston.
Compression rings (1, 2)
Number ................................................................... 2
Piston ring clearance in groove, wear limit:
1 Upper compression ring (1) ........................ Keystone
Lower compression ring (2), axially ..............0.17 mm
(0.0067”)
2 Piston ring gap, wear limit:
Upper compression ring (1), max. ................. 0.8 mm
(0.031”)
3 Lower compression ring (2), max. ................. 2.5 mm
(0.098”)
Scraper ring (3)
Number ................................................................... 1
Width including spring 3 mm
(0.12”)
Piston ring clearance, axially ........................ 0.1 mm
(0.004”)
Piston ring gap, wear limit: ........................... 1.15 mm
(0.045”)
15
Technical data
Camshaft
Camshaft type ........................................................ A
Drive, timing gears ................................... Gear wheel
Number of bearings
D5 ......................................................................... 5
D7 ......................................................................... 7
Camshaft bearings, diameter, Ø:
Standard: ................................................. 65+0.054 mm
(2.56”+0.00213”)
Wear tolerance: .......................................... 65.08 mm
(2.5622”)
Camshaft bearings, thickness ............. 1.988+0.012 mm
(0.07827”+0.00047”)
Axial play, max.: ................................... 0.1 – 0.5 mm
(0.004 – 0.02”)
Radial play, max.: ........................... 0.05 – 0.124 mm
(0.002 – 0.0049”)
Recess, bearing nearest flywheel: ................ 2+0.5 mm
(0.08”+0.02”)
Timing gears
1. Govenor drive
2. Idler gear
3. Camshaft drive gear
4. PTO gear
5. PTO gear
6. Crankshaft drive gear
Flywheel
Type of flywheel: ............................. Clutch, 10”/11.5”
Max. permitted axial cast,
measuring radius 150 mm (5.9”) .................... 0.1 mm
(0.004”)
Number of teeth on ring gear ................................ 129
16
Technical data
Valve mechanism
Valves
Stem diameter Ø (A):
Inlet ..................................................... 8.98-0.015 mm
(0.3535”-0.0006”)
Exhaust ............................................... 8.96-0.015 mm
(0.3527”-0.0006”)
Edge of valve head (B):
Inlet, min. ................................................... 2.1 mm
(0.08”)
Exhaust, min. ............................................. 1.8 mm
(0.07”)
Valve head diameter Ø (C):
E Inlet ......................................................... 48±0.1 mm
D (1.89”±0.004”)
Exhaust ................................................... 42±0.1 mm
(1.65”±0.004”)
Valve seat angle (D):
Inlet ................................................................ 29.5°
Exhaust .......................................................... 44.5°
INLET
E
Angle of seat in cylinder head (E):
D Inlet ................................................................... 30°
Exhaust ............................................................. 45°
Valve clearance:
EXHAUST
Inlet ..................................................... 0.35±0.05 mm
(0.014”±0.002”)
Exhaust ............................................... 0.55±0.05 mm
(0.022”±0.002”)
Important: The values for checking and adjust-
ing apply for an engine oil temperature between
20 – 80°C (68 – 176°F).
17
Technical data
Valve seats
Width of valve seat:
Inlet ................................................... 2.8 mm (0.11”)
ØA
Exhaust ............................................. 2.2 mm (0.09”)
Outside diameter Ø (A):
Inlet .................................................... 49.09-0.02 mm
B
(1.933”-0.0008”)
Exhaust .............................................. 43.06-0.02 mm
(1.695”-0.0008”)
Height (B):
Inlet ........................................................ 7.5±0.1 mm
(0.29”±0.004”)
Exhaust .................................................. 7.9±0.1 mm
(0.31”±0.004”)
ØC
Valve seat recesses
R Diameter Ø (C):
D Inlet ........................................................ 49-0.025 mm
(1.93”-0.00098”)
Exhaust ............................................... 43.5-0.025 mm
(1.71”-0.00098”)
Depth (D):
Inlet/exhaust .............................................. 11+1 mm
(0.43”+0.04”)
Bottom radius (R):
Design 1 Design 1 Inlet/exhaust ............................................... 1-0.3 mm
without collar with collar (0.04”-0.01”)
Measurement between valve head and surface of cyl-
inder block:
O-ring
Inlet/exhaust .................................... 1.5 mm (0.06”)
Collar
Valve guides
Length:
Inlet/exhaust ............................................. 63-0.5 mm
............................................................ (2.48”-0.02”)
Inside diameter Ø:
Inlet/exhaust ................................. 9.025 – 9.04 mm
(0.3553 – 0.3559”)
Height of springs above surface of cylinder head:
Inlet/exhaust ............................................. 23-0.5 mm
Production Spare part (0.9”-0.02”)
Wear tolerance, max. play between valve stem and
guide:
Design 2 Inlet ................................................0.1 mm (0.004”)
Exhaust ........................................ 0.13 mm (0.005”)
Valve springs
Type of valve spring:
Inlet/exhaust .................................................. Single
Length unloaded, n=2,300 ....................... 64.7±1.3 mm
(2.547”±0.051”)
On later versions, the O-ring seal has been replaced
by a valve stem seal, as shown above. Wire diameter Ø ................................4.5 mm (0.177”)
18
Technical data
Lubrication system
Grade of oil Sulfur content of fuel (percentage by weight)
Up to 0.5 % 0.5 – 1.0 % over 1.0 %
Oil change intervals: Whichever comes first
VDS–2
1)
ACEA: E3-96, E4-99, E5-99 500 hrs or 12 months1) 250 hrs or 12 months 125 hrs or 12 months2)
API: CF, CF–4
1)
If the sulfur content of the fuel is over 1.0% by weight, oil with a TBN >15 should be used.
2)
Lubricating oil with a TBN between 14-20 should be used.
NOTE! Mineral-based, or fully or partially synthetic oil can be used, as long as the above quality specifications are
met.
VDS = Volvo Drain Specification
ACEA = Association des Constructeurs Européenne d’Automobiles
API = American Petroleum Institute
TBN = Total Base Number
Viscosity
The viscosity should be selected from the table on the
left.
NOTE! The temperatures refer to the normal outside air
temperature. The table is for synthetic or partially syn-
thetic oil.
19
Technical data
Oil capacity
Including oil filter, quarts (liter):
D5 ................................................................... 13
D7 ................................................................ 21,5
1. Oil pressure sensor
Oil pressure when idling:
D5 ................................................ 90 kPa (13 psi)
D7 ............................................. 80 kPa (11.6 psi)
Oil pressure at running temperature for the oil
(min. 248°F (120° C)):
D5A T ..................................... 440 kPa (63.8 psi)
D5A TA ................................... 390 kPa (56.6 psi)
D7A T ..................................... 450 kPa (65.3 psi)
D7A TA ................................... 350 kPa (50.7 psi)
D7C TA ................................... 350 kPa (50.7 psi)
Engine stops automatically if
pressure drops below: ............... 70 kPa (10.2 psi)
2. Valve tappet with rocker arm lubrication
3. Push rod, oil channel for lubricating rocker arm
mechanism
4. Rocker arm
5. Return oil channel, to oil sump
6. Piston cooling: ......... 2-hole jet for each cylinder
7. Oil filter, full flow:
Filtration size: ....................... 0.012 mm (0.0005”)
Bypass valve, oil filter:
Opening pressure: ........... 250±50 kPa (36.3±7.2 psi)
8. System pressure valve:
Opening pressure: .............. 400±40 kPa (58±5.8 psi)
9. Safety valve, oil cooler:
Opening pressure: ............. 1±0.1 MPa (145±14.5 psi)
10. Oil pump:
Type: ..................... Crankshaft-driven rotor pump
Width of rotor pump, mm (in):
D5 ....................................................... 10.5 (0.41)
D7 ....................................................... 14.5 (0.57)
Oil flow, gal/min (l/min):
D5 .......................................................... 60 (15.8)
D7 .......................................................... 90 (23.8)
11. Oil cooler:
Normal oil temperature: ................... 80°C (176°F)
Max. oil temperature: .................... 125°C (257°F)
20
Technical data
Fuel specification
The fuel must conform to national and international standards for commercial fuel, for example:
EN 590 with environmental and low temperature specifications meeting national regulations.
ASTM D 975 Nos. 1-D and 2-D
JIS KK 2204
Sulfur content: In line with current legislation in the particular country.
NOTE! Fuel with an extremely low sulfur content (for example Citydiesel in Sweden and Finland) can cause a loss
of power of approximately 5% and lead to an increase in fuel consumption of approximately 2-3%.
Fuel pump
In
1. Pressure relief valve
Opening pressure .................................... 0.6±0.05 MPa
(87±7.2 psi)
Out 2. Non return valve (Bypass)
Opening pressure ......................................... 50±5 kPa
(7.2±0.7 psi)
Fuel flow rate
Min. ................................................................ 600 l/h
(158 US gal/h)
Injection sequence:
D5 ................................................................ 1-3-4-2
D7 ........................................................... 1-5-3-6-2-4
Feed pressure .............................................. 0.5 MPa
(72.5 psi)
Feed pressure after fuel filter
at 1,500 rpm, min. ...................................... 0.28 MPa
(40.6 psi)
Fuel filter
Filtration size ............................................. 0.005 mm
(0.0002”)
Prefilter
Filtration size ............................................. 0.006 mm
(0.00024”)
21
Technical data
Cooling system
Sealed, pressurized system
8
9 10 Pressure valve, max. opening pressure .... 100±10 kPa
(14.5±1.4 psi)
1
Coolant volume:
2 Heat exchanger
7 D5 ............................................. 11 liter (2.9 US gal)
3
D7 ............................................. 14 liter (3.9 US gal)
Keel cooling
D5 ............................................. 21 liter (5.5 US gal)
D7 ............................................. 26 liter (6.9 US gal)
6
Thermostat
Type: ............................................. Piston thermostat
1. From heat exchanger 5 4
2. Thermostat housing Opening temperature ............................. 83°C (181°F)
3. To heat exchanger Fully open at ......................................... 95°C (203°F)
4. Coolant pump
5. Lubricating oil cooler
6. Cylinder cooling Coolant pump
7. Cylinder head cooling Belt driven ....................................... Centrifugal pump
8. Turbo cooling
9. Coolant pipe
10. Exhaust manifold
Coolant
IMPORTANT! Even if there is no danger of dam-
age due to freezing, an antifreeze mixture should
always be used. The mixture specified below also
provides complete corrosion protection.
Seawater cooling
3
A mixture of at least 40% Volvo Penta antifreeze (gly-
col) and water (to ASTM D4985 specification) should
be used. The mixture protects against damage due to
freezing down to approximately -40°F (-40°C), and
should be used all year round.
2
4
1
To avoid blocking the cooling system, the antifreeze
5
should be mixed with clean water, to ASTM D4985
specification. If you are unsure as to the purity of the
water, use distilled water or ready-mixed coolant.
ASTM D4985:
1. Seawater pump Total solids ......................................... < 340 ppm
2. Seawater inlet Total hardness ................................... < 9,5° dH
3. Charge air cooler Chloride .............................................. < 40 ppm
4. Seawater outlet Sulfate ................................................ < 100 ppm
5. Heat exchanger pH ....................................................... 5,5–9
Silicon ................................................. <20 mg SiO2/l
Iron ..................................................... < 0,10 ppm
Manganese ........................................ < 0,05 ppm
Conductivity ....................................... < 500 µS/cm
Organic content, CODMn .................... < 15 mg KmnO4/l
22
Technical data
Injector pumps
Manufacturer ................................................... Bosch
Model ............................................................ PF 33 L
Measurement A: ................................. 54 mm (2.13”)
Measurement Lo ................................ 143 mm (5.63”)
Min. length LFB: (A/100+143)-143 mm ........... >0 mm
Opening pressure: ...................... 27.5 MPa (3988 psi)
Maximum pressure:
D5 ........................................... 120 MPa (17404 psi)
D7 ........................................... 150 MPa (21755 psi)
Leak test, constant pressure for 10 seconds:
D5 ............................................... 23 MPa (3626 psi)
D7 ............................................ 25.5 MPa (3698 psi)
Number/diameter Ø:
D5 ......................................... 5 x 0.25 mm (0.0098”)
D7 ......................................... 6 x 0.25 mm (0.0098”)
Basic dimensions
The injector pumps are manufactured by BOSCH and
are of the single type, that is to say, one for each cyl-
inder.
The tolerances used in the production of the injector
pumps are such that the length of the pumps can vary.
The tolerance is written on the injector pump, A.
LFB is the exact length of the particular injector
pump, and is obtained by adding the basic length of
the pump, Lo (derived from table 1), to the manufactur-
ing tolerance, A/100.
Example:
LFB = LO + A/100
LO =143 mm
A = 63
LFB = 143 + 0,63 = 143,63
23
Technical data
Determining shim thickness when changing an injector pump
Mathematical formula for new shim thickness: TS = Ek – (L0 + A/100)
Actual shim thickness, SS, is obtained from table 2. SS → TS
NOTE! This formula is applicable when changing JUST an injector pump.
Calculation 1 Explanation Factor Ex D5A T, D5A TA, D7A T, D7A TA, D7C TA
Cylinder no.: XXX XXX Cyl: 1 Cyl: 2 Cyl: 3 Cyl: 4 Cyl: 5 Cyl: 6
Serial number of injector pump XXX XXX
EP code: EP 397
Corrected installation meas., see table 3 Ek 146,9
Basic meas. for injector pump, see table 1 L0 - 143
Manufacturing tol., see injector pump A/100 - 0,63
Theoretical shim thickness TS = 3,27
Actual shim thickness, see table 2 SS ~ 3,3
(100 mm = 3.937”)
Example: Changing the injector pump for cylinder 3 on a D7A T engine.
1. Read the EP code for cylinder 3 from the “EP” column of the engine plate, for example, 397.
(Row 1 = cylinder 1, row 2 = cylinder 2 and so on)
D7A T xxxxxxxxxx xxx A
xxx A
123.0 2300 6.0 A 397 A
+32 xxx A
xxx A
DIN/ISO03046ICFN 100 xxx A
2. Using the EP code for the injector pump, read the corrected value, Ek, from table 3.
Example: EP code = 397 → Ek = 146.9 mm.
3. Read the manufacturing tolerance for the length, A, of
the injector pump on the new injector pump,
Example 63 (see diagram) A/100
NOTE! If the value is not legible, remove any dirt with-
out scraping.
Tolerance A is divided by 100 in calculations.
4. Read the standard measurement for the injector pump, L0, from table 1.
Example: 143 mm.
5. Work out the theoretical shim thickness, TS, using the formula: TS = Ek – (L0 + A/100)
(see also the example in “Calculation 1”)
Example: TS = 146.9 mm – (143 mm + 0.63 mm)
TS = 3.27
6. Select the shim thickness, SS from table 2.
Example: TS = 3.27 mm → SS = 3.3 mm
24
Technical data
Determining shim thickness for when an injector valve should open
Done when changing the engine block, camshaft or roller journal.
Mathematical formula for the new shim thickness:
TS = L-[(Fbact-Fbnom)x Vhcorr+Vhnom+LO+ A/100)]
The actual shim thickness is obtained from table 2. TS → SS
NOTE! After determining shim thickness, a new EP code MUST ALWAYS be produced using “Calculation
3,” so that any later pump changes will be done correctly.
Calculation 2.1 Explanation Factor Ex D5A T, D5A TA, D7A T, D7A TA, D7C TA
Cylinder no.: XXX XXX Cyl: 1 Cyl: 2 Cyl: 3 Cyl: 4 Cyl: 5 Cyl: 6
Serial number of injector pump XXX XXX
Injection angle, measured with a protractor Fbakt 5,5
Injection angle, see engine plate ∠° Fbnom - 6
Total 1 (Fbakt- Fbnom) S1 = -0,5
Preload correction factor, see table 1 Vhkorr x 0,14
Total 2 (S1x Vhkorr) S2 = -0,07
Camshaft lift, see table 1 Vhnom + 6,11
Basic meas. for injector pump, see table 1 L0 + 143
Manufacturing tol., see injector pump A/100 + 0,63
Total 3 (S2+ Vhnom+Lo+A/100) S3 = 149,67
(100 mm = 3.937”)
Calculation 2.2 Explanation Factor Ex. Cyl: 1 Cyl: 2 Cyl: 3 Cyl: 4 Cyl: 5 Cyl: 6
Distance between block and roller journal L 152,18
Total 3 (S2+ Vhnom+L0+A/100) S3 - 149,67
Theoretical shim thickness (L-S3) TS = 2,55
Actual shim thickness, see table 2 SS ~ 2,6
(100 mm = 3.937”)
FACTOR UNIT EXPLANATION
Fbakt ºC/A Injection angle, measured with a protractor as described in the method
Fbnom ºC/A Injection angle, obtained from the engine plate
Vhkorr mm/ºC/A Preload, correction factor, obtained from table 1
Vhnom mm Camshaft lift, nominal, obtained from table 1
L mm Distance measured between block and roller journal, as described in the method
L0 mm Basic measurement of injector pump
A/100 mm Manufacturing tolerance, written on the injector pump
TS mm Theoretical shim thickness
SS mm Actual shim thickness
S (1, 2, 3) xxx Total of calculations
EP xxx Code obtained from table 3 or the engine plate
Ek mm Total of EP code calculations
(100 mm = 3.937”)
25
Technical data
Determining the corrected fitting measurement, Ek, and EP code for an
injector pump
When changing the engine block, camshaft or roller journal, the corrected fitting measurement, Ek, must
be determined again and the EP code on the engine plate must be changed.
Mathematical formula for the corrected fitting measurement, Ek:
Ek = L - [(Fbakt- Fbnom) x Vhkorr+Vhnom)]
The new EP code is obtained from table 3.2 Ek → EP code
Calculation 3.1 Explanation Factor Ex D5A T, D5A TA, D7A T, D7A TA, D7C TA
Cylinder no.: XXX XXX Cyl: 1 Cyl: 2 Cyl: 3 Cyl: 4 Cyl: 5 Cyl: 6
Serial number of injector pump XXX XXX
Injection angle, measured with a protractor Fbakt 5,5
Injection angle, see engine plate ∠° Fbnom - 6
Total 1 (Fbakt- Fbnom) S1 = -0,5
Correction factor, see table 1 Vhkorr x 0,14
Total 2 (S1x Vhkorr) S2 = -0,07
Camshaft lift, see table 1 Vhnom + 6,11
Total 3 (S2+ Vhnom) S3 = 6,04
(100 mm = 3.937”)
Calculation 3.2 Explanation Factor Ex Cyl: 1 Cyl: 2 Cyl: 3 Cyl: 4 Cyl: 5 Cyl: 6
Distance between block and roller journal L 152,22
Total 3 (S2+ Vhnom) S3 - 6,04
Ek (L- S3= Ek) Ek = 146,18
Ek rounded to the nearest value in table 3 Ek ~ 146,175
EP code (Ek→ table 3 → EP code) EP = 344
(100 mm = 3.937”)
Table 1
Injection Camshaft Camshaft lift Preload Length of pump,
angle type Vhnom corr. factor basic meas.
Fbnom Vhkorr L0 (mm)
5° A 6.32 0.14 143
6° A 6.11 0.14 143
7° A 5.90 0.14 143
8° A 5.70 0.14 143
9° A 5.50 0.14 143
10° A 5.31 0.14 143
(100 mm = 3.937”)
26
Technical data
Table 2
Theoretical thickness Shim thickness Theoretical thickness Shim thickness
”Ts” (mm) ”Ss” (mm) ”Ts” (mm) ”Ss” (mm)
0,95–1.049 1,0 3,05–3,149 3,1
1,05–1,149 1,1 3,15–3,249 3,2
1,15–1,249 1,2 3,25–3,349 3,3
1,25–1,349 1,3 3,35–3,449 3,4
1,35–1,449 1,4 3,45–3,549 3,5
1,45–1,549 1,5 3,55–3,649 3,6
1,55–1,649 1,6 3,65–3,749 3,7
1,65–1,749 1,7 3,75–3,850 3,8
1,75–1,849 1,8 3,85–3,949 3,9
1,85–1,949 1,9 3,95–4,049 4,0
1,95–2,049 2,0 4,05–4,149 4,1
2,05–2,149 2,1 4,15–4,249 4,2
2,15–2,249 2,2 4,25–4,349 4,3
2,25–2,349 2,3 4,35–4,449 4,4
2,35–2,449 2,4 4,45–4,549 4,5
2,45–2,549 2,5 4,55–4,649 4,6
2,55–2,649 2,6 4,65–4,749 4,7
2,65–2,749 2,7 4,75–4,849 4,8
2,75–2,849 2,8 4,85–4,949 4,9
2,85–2,949 2,9 4,95–5,049 5,0
2,95–3,049 3,0
(100 mm = 3.937”)
Table 3
Ek EP- Ek EP- Ek EP- Ek EP- Ek EP-
(mm) code (mm) code (mm) code (mm) code (mm) code
144,5 145,1 145,7 349 146,3 373 146,9 397
144,525 145,125 145,725 350 146,325 374 146,925 398
144,55 145,15 145,75 351 146,35 375 146,95 399
144,575 145,175 145,775 352 146,375 376 146,975 400
144,6 145,2 145,8 353 146,4 377 147,0 401
144,625 145,225 145,825 354 146,425 378 147,025
144,65 145,25 145,85 355 146,45 379 147,05
144,675 145,275 145,875 356 146,475 380 147,075
144,7 145,3 145,9 357 146,5 381 147,1
144,725 145,325 145,925 358 146,525 382 147,125
144,75 145,35 335 145,95 359 146,55 383 147,15
144,775 145,375 336 145,975 360 146,575 384 147,175
144,8 145,4 337 146,0 361 146,6 385 147,2
144,825 145,425 338 146,025 362 146,625 386 147,225
144,85 145,45 339 146,05 363 146,65 387 147,25
144,875 145,475 340 146,075 364 146,675 388 147,275
144,9 145,5 341 146,1 365 146,7 389 147,3
144,925 145,525 342 146,125 366 146,725 390 147,325
144,95 145,55 343 146,15 367 146,75 391 147,35
144,975 145,575 344 146,175 368 146,775 392 147,375
145,0 145,6 345 146,2 369 146,8 393 147,4
145,025 145,625 346 146,225 370 146,825 394 147,425
145,05 145,65 347 146,25 371 146,85 395 147,45
145,075 145,675 348 146,275 372 146,875 396 147,475
(100 mm = 3.937”)
27
Technical data
Regulator
The engine speed regulator is a mechanical, variable-speed model with centrifugal weights.
NOTE! The regulator is specially installed for every engine. This means that the regulator can not be swapped
between engines. An incorrectly set regulator can lead to the engine not meeting the specified emission and per-
formance requirements.
IMPORTANT! Only qualified personnel should adjust the regulator, on a test bench specially designed for
Heinzmann regulators.
IMPORTANT! When ordering a regulator, always quote the engine model, engine serial number, rated power
and rated speed.
Manufacturer .............................................. Heinzmann
The engine power and speed are given on the engine plate.
Speed reduction with an increase in load of
0 – 100% at rated engine speed: ................... 8 – 12 %
Control rod
NOTE! The measurement X must be indicated after
changing the engine block, control rod or timing gear
cover.
NOTE! When changing the control rod, the regulator
must always be adjusted. Only a trained specialist
should perform the adjustment, on a regulator test
bench.
Control rod movement Y, without injector
pumps fitted: ........................................ 17 – 17.5 mm
(0.67 – 0.69”)
Control rod movement Y, with injector
pumps fitted, min.: ....................................... 16.8 mm
(0.661”)
Control rod distance X: .......................... 0.3 – 1.3 mm
(0.012 – 0.051”)
28
Technical data
Inlet and exhaust systems
Turbocharger
Model ................................................. Schwitzer S2B
Lubrication system ......................... Forced lubrication
Permitted radial play on the compressor side,
max.: ...........................................................0.95 mm
(0.0374”)
Permitted axial play, max.: ..........................0.14 mm
(0.0055”)
Exhaust back pressure, max.: ...................... 7.5 kPa
(1.09 psi)
Turbo pressure Exhaust temperature
kPa psi °C °F
D5A T, Rating 1
1,900 rpm .................................................. 93 13.4 370 698
2,300 rpm ................................................. 129 18.7 350 662
D5A T, Rating 2
1,900 rpm ................................................. 115 16.7 395 743
2,300 rpm ................................................. 156 22.6 375 707
D5A TA, Rating 1
1,900 rpm ................................................. 188 27.3 348 658
2,300 rpm ................................................. 125 18.1 319 606
D5A TA, Rating 2
1,900 rpm ................................................. 110 16.0 368 694
2,300 rpm ................................................. 142 20.6 341 646
D7A T, Rating 1
1,900 rpm .................................................. 94 13.6 365 689
2,300 rpm ................................................. 131 19.0 350 662
D7A T, Rating 2
1,900 rpm ................................................. 117 17.0 395 743
2,300 rpm ................................................. 139 20.2 360 680
D7A TA, Rating 1
1,900 rpm .................................................. 98 14.2 345 653
2,300 rpm ................................................. 130 18.8 313 595
D7A TA, Rating 2
1,900 rpm ................................................. 125 18.1 360 680
2,300 rpm ................................................. 160 23.2 334 633
D7C TA, Rating 2
1,900 rpm ................................................. 116 16.8 360 680
2,300 rpm ................................................. 150 21.8 330 626
D7C TA, Rating 2
1,900 rpm ................................................. 145 21.0 375 707
2,300 rpm ................................................. 180 26.1 350 662
29
Technical data
Tightening torque
General tightening torques Nm (lbf.ft.)
±1.5
M6: Standard bolt, type 8.8 .................................... 10 (7±1.1)
M8: Standard bolt, type 8.8 .................................... 25±4 (18±3)
M10: Standard bolt, type 8.8 .................................. 50±8 (37±6)
M12: Standard bolt, type 8.8 .................................. 80±9 (59±7)
M14: Standard bolt, type 8.8 .................................. 140±25 (103±18)
Group 21: Engine
Engine mountings .................................................. 260 (192)
Starter motor .......................................................... 70 (52)
Timing gear cover .................................................. 21±2 (15±1)
Main crankshaft bearings
NOTE! The bolts for the main bearing caps can be reused only three times.
Stage 1: ............................................................ 50 (37)
Stage 2: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Stage 3: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Connecting rod bearings
NOTE! New bolts should be used every time a bearing cap is refitted
Stage 1: ............................................................ 30 (22)
Stage 2: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Stage 3: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Flywheel
NOTE! The bolts for the flywheel can be reused only five times.
Stage 1: ............................................................ 30 (22)
Stage 2: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Stage 3: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Flywheel cover
M12 ....................................................................... 99±10 (73±7)
M16 ....................................................................... 243±25 (179±18)
Drive belt pulley
NOTE! The bolts for the pulley can be reused only three times.
Stage 1: ............................................................ 45±5 (33±4)
Stage 2: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Stage 3: ............................................................ 60° angle tightening
Vibration damper .................................................... 70 (52)
Valve cover
Bolts, valve cover .................................................. 11±1 (8±1)
Valve adjuster nuts ................................................ 20±2 (15±1)
Rocker-arm bridge .................................................. 21 (15)
Crankcase ventilation bolt ...................................... 9±1 (7±1)
30
Technical data
Tightening torque Nm (lbf.ft.)
Cylinder head
NOTE! The bolts for the cylinder head can be reused only five times.
Stage 1: ............................................................ 50 (37)
Stage 2: ............................................................ 130 (96)
Stage 3: ............................................................ 90° angle tightening
Tightening sequence for cylinder head bolts
D5A T / D5A TA D7A T / D7A TA / D7C TA
Group 22: Lubrication system
Oil cooler, fixing bolts ............................................ 21±2 (15±1)
Oil cooler, banjo bolt
Stage 1: ................................................................. 80 (59)
Stage 2: ................................................................. 160 (118)
Oil cooler, screw plug ............................................. 80 (59)
Front cover/oil pump housing ................................. 21±2 (15±1)
Oil suction pipe ...................................................... 21±2 (15±1)
Oil sump ................................................................ 21±2 (15±1)
Oil pressure pipe to turbo ....................................... 22 (16)
Oil pressure pipe to engine block ........................... 34±2 (25±1)
System pressure valve .......................................... 8-9 (6-7)
Return pipe, lubricating oil ...................................... 22 (16)
31
Technical data
Tightening torque Nm (lbf.ft.)
Group 23: Fuel system
Bolt, regulator, intermediate gear ...................... 21 (15)
Bolt, control rod sleeve ..................................... 10±2 (7±1)
Bolt, engine speed regulator .............................. 17±1.5 (12±1.1)
Flange bolt, injector pump
Stage 1: Initial tightening ................................... 5 (4)
Stage 2: ................................................................ Slacken 60°, counterclockwise
Stage 3: Turn injector pump to stop position ......... Counterclockwise
Stage 4: ................................................................ 60° clockwise
Stages 5-7 alternately:
Stage 5: ............................................................ 7 (5)
Stage 6: ............................................................ 10 (7)
Stage 7: ............................................................ 30 (22)
Jet retainer ............................................................. 19±2 (14±1)
Jet nut ................................................................... 45±5 (33±7)
Pressure pipes
NOTE! The jet pipes should not be bent, and must be changed every time they are removed.
NOTE! Ensure that you tighten all of the fuel pressure pipes to the same torque.
Pressure pipe nuts
Stage 1 ............................................................. 5 (4)
Stage 2 ............................................................. 25±3.5 (18±2.6)
Bypass valve ......................................................... 30 (22)
Banjo bolts, fuel return/leakage line ....................... 12 (9)
Nut, fuel return pipe ................................................ 14 (10)
Stop solenoid
Bracket .................................................................. 22 (16)
Locknuts ................................................................ 10 (7)
Fuel lines
Banjo bolts ............................................................. 34 (25)
Group 25: Inlet and exhaust systems
Inlet pipe ................................................................ 11±1 (8±1)
Bolts, exhaust manifold ......................................... 60 (44)
Connection point, D5, to inlet pipe .......................... 22 (16)
Turbo, to exhaust manifold ..................................... 40±4 (29±3)
Intake pipe, air filter ............................................... 22 (16)
Hose clip, air filter .................................................. 12 (9)
32
Technical data
Tightening torque Nm (lbf.ft.)
Group 26: Cooling system
Thermostat housing ............................................... 42 (31)
Thermostat holder .................................................. 21±2 (15±1)
Level switch, coolant ............................................. 25±2 (18±1)
Coolant housing ..................................................... 21±2 (15±1)
Pulley, coolant pump ............................................. 21±2 (15±1)
Coolant pipe, T-piece to engine body ..................... 20 (15)
Coolant pipe, to thermostat housing ....................... 20 (15)
Coolant pipe, D5, to exhaust manifold .................... 20 (15)
Coolant pipe, D7, to turbo ...................................... 101 (74)
Retainer, coolant pipe, D7 ...................................... 20 (15)
Heat exchanger
Screw plugs ........................................................... 15 (11)
End plate, rear ....................................................... 21±1 (15±1)
Connector .............................................................. 21±1 (15±1)
Bolts, upper/lower, heat exchanger ........................ 42 (31)
Charge air cooler
Charge air pipe ....................................................... 22 (16)
Screw plugs in rear end plate ................................. 15 (11)
Rear end plate ........................................................ 21±1 (15±1)
Front end plate ....................................................... 21±1 (15±1)
Screw plug, guide hole ........................................... 38 (28)
Connector .............................................................. 13 (10)
Bolts, top of charge air cooler ................................ 22 (16)
Seawater pipes
Bolts, retainer (-TA) ................................................ 20 (15)
Bolts, retainer (-T) .................................................. 22 (16)
Connection to heat exchanger ................................ 42 (31)
Hose clips (-T) ....................................................... 5 (4)
Locking bolt, impeller housing ................................ 8.5 (6.3)
Seawater pump
Bolt, cover plate ..................................................... 21±2 (15±1)
Nut, gear wheel ...................................................... 80 (59)
Bolts, seawater pump ............................................ 42 (31)
Bolts, end plate ...................................................... 5 (4)
Connection point .................................................... 20 (15)
33
References to service bulletins
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Date: ................................................................
Name: ..............................................................
AB Volvo Penta
Customer Support
Dept. 42200
SE-405 08 Göteborg
Sweden
7742783 English 11– 2004
Riigihangete vaidlustuskomisjon
Tartu mnt 85, 10115 Tallinn
[email protected]
16.12.2025
HANKIJA SEISUKOHT
Riigilaevastik(u) vastus vaidlustusele riigihankes nr 301585 „Mõõdistuslaeva Jakob Prei abimasinate remont“
Hankija: Riigilaevastik
Registrikood: 77001814
Lume tn 9, 10416 Tallinn
Hankija esindaja: vandeadvokaat Keidi Kõiv
Advokaadibüroo RASK
Ahtri 6, 10151 Tallinn
tel: 618 0820, faks: 618 0821
e-post:
[email protected]
Vaidlustaja: BMG Power Systems OÜ
Registrikood: 11725966
Paljasaare tee 14, 10313 Tallinn
Vaidlustaja esindajad: vandeadvokaat Kadri Härginen
vandeadvokaat Mario Sõrm
Advokaadibüroo Sorainen
Rotermanni 6, 10111 Tallinn
tel: 6 400 900
e-post:
[email protected];
[email protected]
Kolmas isik: AEM Engine Service OÜ
Registrikood: 16179515
Kauba tn 3a, 11313 Tallinn
e-post:
[email protected]
Hankija taotlused:
1. Jätta BMG Power Systems OÜ (11725966) vaidlustus rahuldamata;
1/5
2. Jätta Riigilaevastiku menetluskulud BMG Power Systems OÜ (11725966) kanda.
1. ASJAOLUD
1.1. Riigilaevastik (edaspidi „hankija“) avaldas 17.10.2025 riigihangete registris avatud hankemenetlusena
läbiviidava riigihanke „Mõõdistuslaeva Jakob Prei abimasinate remont“ viitenumbriga 301585 (edaspidi
„riigihange“).
1.2. Riigihankes esitas pakkumuse kokku 2 pakkujat: AEM Engine Service OÜ (edaspidi „kolmas isik“) ning BMG
Power Systems OÜ (edaspidi „vaidlustaja“). Kolmanda isiku pakkumus tunnistati riigihankes edukaks,
kvalifitseeriti ning jäeti kõrvaldamata. Nimetatud otsustele esitas vaidlustaja vaidlustuse.
1.3. 11.12.2025 teatega nr 12.2-10/290 teavitas riigihangete vaidlustuskomisjon hankijat ja kolmandat isikut
vaidlustuse esitamisest ning palus esitada enda seisukohad vaidlustusele hiljemalt 16.12.2025.
1.4. Hankija leiab, et vaidlustus on põhjendamatu ning tuleb jätta rahuldamata. Hankija põhistab enda
seisukohti järgnevalt.
2. HANKIJA PÕHJENDUSED
2.1. Vaidlustaja vaidlustus põhineb kokkuvõtlikult järgmisel:
riigihankes oli kehtestatud ristsubsideerimise keeld, mis keelas katta pakkumusega seotud
kulusid muudest allikatest;
kolmanda isiku pakkumuse maksumuse 32 000 juures ei ole võimalik ühelgi moel täita viidatud
sättes seatud tingimust, mistõttu ei saa pakkumus olla vastav ja see tulnuks tagasi lükata;
kolmanda isiku pakkumus on põhjendamatult madal või on hankija jätnud sellise pakkumuse
maksumuse põhjendatuse kontrollimata.
2.2. Vaidlustusest nähtuvalt ei ole pooltel vaidlust selle üle, milline tööde ulatus ja viis oli hankes tingimuste
näol kehtestatud ega ka selle üle, et need tingimused on kehtivad. Ükski hankest huvitatud isik
hanketingimusi enne pakkumuste esitamise tähtaega ei vaidlustanud, mistõttu on need kehtivad just
sellises kogumis nagu hankija on need hankedokumentides sätestanud.
2.3. Küll on aga vaidlus selles, kas kolmanda isiku pakkumus enda tervikus saab olla vastav. Tähelepanuväärne
on siinkohal aga see, et vaidlustusest ei ole mõistetav, milliseid konkreetseid puuduseid vaidlustaja
kolmanda isiku pakkumuses leiab olevat. Vaidlustaja küll viitab kahtlusele, et kolmanda isiku pakkumuse
maksumus ei saa kata kõiki hankes nõutud tööde komponente, kuid ei viita sealjuures mitte ühelegi
konkreetsele asjaolule, mida vaidlustaja leiab valesti või puudu olevat. Vaidlustaja kogu argumentatsioon
põhineb üksnes tema enda pakkumuse osas sisuliste selgituste andmisel, mitte aga kolmanda isiku
pakkumuses esinevate puuduste välja toomisel. See ei saa aga olla vaidlustuse sisuks. Vaidlustuskomisjon
ei pea asuma hankija rolli täitma hankemenetluse läbiviimisel, vaid kontrollima üksnes neid asjaolusid,
millised vaidlustuse kohaselt on jäänud tuvastamata või tuvastatud ebaõigesti.
2.4. Muus osas selgitab hankija järgmist.
2.5. Esiteks, ei olnud riigihankes sätestatud ristsubsideerimise keeldu. Riigihanke alusdokumendi punktis 4.1
oli sätestatud järgnev:
Pakkuja esitab pakkumuse maksumuse riigihangete registri keskkonnas töölehel
„Hindamiskriteeriumid ja hinnatavad näitajad“ näidatud struktuuri kohaselt täpsusega kaks kohta
pärast koma. Pakkumuse maksumus peab sisaldama kõiki kulusid, mis on vajalikud riigihanke
teostamiseks.
2.6. Vaidlustaja seisukoha kohaselt tuleneb nimetatud tingimusest hankevälise ristsubsideerimise keeld, mida
vaidlustaja püüab põhistada VAKO praktikaga, millisest selline väidetav praktika jaatamine vaidlustaja
väidete kohaselt tuleneb. Hankija tutvunud vaidlustaja viidatud praktikaga sellest vaidlustaja poolt
väidetut ei tuvasta. VAKO otsuses nr 90-25/292050 sätestab viidatud punkt järgneva: hankija muutis
vaidlustusmenetluse ajal RHAD p-i 15.7. ja sõnastas selle järgmiselt: „Pakkumuse maksumus hanke
esemelt olevatelt teenustelt peab sisaldama kõiki kulusid ja olema hankija jaoks lõplik. Pakkuja ei tohi ühe
teenuse hinda alandada teiste teenuste arvelt.“ [autori rõhutus]
2/5
2.7. Viidatud vaidluses jaatas VAKO, et hankija on selgelt ja üheselt arusaadavalt kehtestanud hankesisese
ristsubsideerimise keelu, kuid sedastanud ka seda, et kui keelatud on ainult sisene ristsubsideerimine, siis
on väline lubatud /…/. Seega ei toeta antud lahend kuidagi vaidlustaja seisukohta, mistõttu esitab
vaidlustaja VAKO praktika kohta ebaõigeid viiteid. Sama olukord on realiseerunud ka kahe teise lahendiga,
millest esimene (2-23/257737) vaidlus puudutab hoopiski kululoendis ridade muutmist ega käsitle üldse
maksumusi ja teine (115-22/251620) vaidlus puudutab taaskord hankesisest ristsubsideerimist.
2.8. Selle kõrval on vaidlustaja aga jätnud täielikult arvestamata ristsubsideerimist reguleeriva praktika, mis
oma sisus hoopis vastupidiselt viitab, et ristsubsideerimise keeld oma olemuselt on sekkumine ettevõtja
tegevusse, mistõttu peab see olema erandlik ning RHAD-i tingimus, mille kohaselt tuleb hinna sisse
arvestada kõik muud otsesed ja kaudsed teenuse osutamisega seotud mistahes kulud (personalikulud,
kommunaalkulud jms), mõte ei ole mistahes ristsubsideerimise keelamine, vaid selle eesmärgiks on
selgitada pakkujatele, et pakkujad pidid pakkumuse hinna esitamisel arvesse võtma kuluallikate
võimalikke hinnakõikumisi lepingu perioodi jooksul ning seeläbi esitama ühe muutumatu siduva hinna
kogu lepingu perioodiks (RKHKo 3-20-924, p 20; Rngko 3-21-2664; Rngko 3-21-2077).
2.9. Eeltoodud praktikat jagab ka vaidlustuskomisjon, kes on samuti selgitanud, et kui riigihankes on
ristsubsideerimise keeld, siis peab see olema sätestatud riigihanke alusdokumentides ning üksnes viide
kogumaksumuse puhul kõigi kulude sisalduvusele sellist nõuet ei täida (VAKO otsus nr 82-25/290012, p
7.3, 169-22/250331, p 6.9)
2.10. Eeltoodust johtuva on põhimõtteliselt väär vaidlustaja seisukoht, mille kohaselt oli hankes kehtestatud
ristsubsideerimise keeld ning ebaõige ka vaidlustaja argumentatsioon, et sellise nõuda täitmata jätmisest
tulenevalt tuleb tuvastada kolmanda isiku pakkumuse mittevastavus.
2.11. Teiseks, ei ole võimalik nõustuda vaidlustaja seisukohaga sellest, et kolmanda isiku pakkumus oleks
mittevastav muudest tingimustest lähtuvalt.
2.12. RHADi osaks oleva tehnilise kirjelduse kohaselt olid hankija ette näinud kapitaalremondi tööd ja
kaasnevad tööd koos nõutud varuosadega. Kusjuures ei sätestanud tehniline kirjeldus kõigi varuosade
puhul, et need peavad olema uued. Niisamuti ei olnud hanketingimustes ette nähtud, et pakkumuse
esitamisel tuleb pakkujatel esitada teavet remonttööde läbiviimise asjaolude kohta, vaid kõigil pakkujatel
tuli kinnitada kõigi hanketingimuste ülevõtmist. Kolmas isik sellised kinnitused andis ning hanketingimuste
kohaselt, mis sätestas üksnes originaalvaruosade kasutamise, oli nõuetekohase dokumentatsiooni
kooskõlastamise ajaks määratud aeg „enne varuosade paigaldamist“.
2.13. Sellisteks juhtudeks on Riigikohus selgitanud, et „kui seadus ei sätesta teisiti, võib hankija otsustada, kas
ta usaldab pakkujate kinnitusi või nõuab vastavate asjaolude kindlakstegemiseks tõendeid“ (RKHKo 3-19-
1464, p 16). Nimetatud lahendis ei olnud hankija nõudnud spetsiifiliste kinnituste esitamist, mistõttu tuli
Riigikohtu hinnangul piisavaks lugeda see, kui pakkuja kinnitab kõigi tingimuste ülevõtmist ja vastavust.
Samuti on kohtud leidnud, et kui riigihanke alusdokumentides sätestatud tingimuste kohasel oli hankijal
õigus usaldada pakkujate kinnitusi, siis ei saa hiljem esitada muid nõudeid, näiteks demoseadmete
ekspertiise (Tln Rngko 3-24-1566, p 12).
2.14. RHS § 114 lg 1 esimesest lausest ja lõikest 2 tuleneb, et hankija kontrollib pakkumuste vastavust riigihanke
alusdokumentides esitatud tingimustele. Riigikohus on antud sätte valguses selgitanud, et hankemenetlus
põhineb suurel määral pakkujate ühepoolsetel kinnitustel ja hankija võimalusel neid usaldada ning kohtul
ei ole ilma seadusliku aluseta õigust sekkuda hankija kaalutlusõigusesse ning nõuda tõendi esitamist seal,
kus hankija on õiguspäraselt otsustanud piirduda pakkuja kinnitusega. (RHS § 104, § 122 lg 3, § 175 lg-d 2
ja 4, § 178 lg 3 p 2) (RKHKo 3-19-1464, p 16). Seega, kui kasutatavate seadmete nimekirja esitamine ei ole
riigihanke alusdokumentides sätestatud tingimuste kohaselt kohustuslik ja sellega seoses pakkumuse
osaks, siis on pakkumuse kontroll hankes nõutud dokumentide ja kinnituste põhjal alati õiguspärane ja
sisuline (Tln HKo 3-24-1566, p 19).
2.15. Ka vaidlusaluses riigihankes oli hankija nõudnud üksnes kinnituste esitamist. Riigihankes kehtestatud
tingimuste kohaselt tuli pakkujatel vastavustingimusega nr 1 kinnitada, et nende esitatud pakkumus
vastab kõigile riigihanke alusdokumentides esitatud tingimustele ja nõuetele. Kolmas isik on sellised
kinnitused andnud, samuti külastanud laeva, milline oli pakkumuse esitamise kohustuslik eeldus. See on
kogumis loonud hankijale õigesti arusaama, et hankijal puudub alus kinnituste õiguspärasuses kahelda.
Kolmanda isiku puhul on tegemist turul teada ettevõttega, kelle referentsid hõlmavad mitmeid tuntud
tellijatele teostatud töid, millised hankija usaldust samuti kinnitasid. Nagu viidatud, siis oli konkreetsete
esemete kooskõlastamiseks määratud aeg „enne varuosade paigaldamist“, millist kontrolli viib läbi
3/5
Vabariigi Valitsuse määruse nr 96 „Laevapere liikmete koolitus- ja kvalifikatsiooninõuded ning
diplomeerimise kord“ §-s 57 sätestatud laevadel kõrgeima kutsega vanemmehhaanik.
2.16. Arusaamatud on sealjuures vaidlustaja väited, mille kohaselt kvalifitseeruvad tehnilise kirjelduse kohaseks
originaalvaruosaks üksnes Volvo-Penta originaalvaruosad. Originaalvaruosadeks nimetatud valguses on
ka sellised varuosad, mis sobivad Volvo-Penta mootoritele, kuid on toodetud muude rahvusvaheliste
tootjate juures ja seotud konkreetse Volvo OEM koodiga. Näiteks elektrisüsteemide ja kütusepritside
elemente toodab Bosch (Lisa 1 - „Workshop manual“, lk 23), kuid muude osade puhul on tootjaid veel (nt
Heinzmann, lk 28 lisa 1). Sellised varuosad on kordi odavamad, kui Volvo-Penta poolt toodetud varuosad,
mis lõppkokkuvõttes mõjutabki märkimisväärselt ka pakkumuse hinda.1 See, milliste varuosadega soovib
keegi aga pakkumuses osaleda, on iga pakkuja enda otsus ning sellest johtuv tulem ka nende enda riisiko.
2.17. Kolmandaks, ei ole seega põhjendatud ka vaidlustaja väited, et pakkumuse maksumusega 32 000 eurot
ei saa ühelgi juhul lepingut täita ja seetõttu tulnuks kolmanda isiku pakkumus igal juhul tagasi lükata.
Hankija hinnangul ei ole kolmanda isiku pakkumuse maksumus põhjendamatult madal.
2.18. RHS § 115 lg 1 kohaselt ei ole pakkumuse maksumuse põhjendatuse hindamisel mõõdupuuks mitte teised
pakkumused, vaid eeskätt on selleks siiski hankelepingu ese.2
2.19. Riigihankes nr 301585 on kehtestatud eeldatavaks maksumuseks 45 000 eurot. Sealjuures põhines
eeldatav maksumus mitte lihtsalt suvalistel numbritel, vaid hankija poolt vahetult enne hankemenetluse
registrist avaldamist põhineval turu-uuringul, mille käigus hankija uuris avalikult kättesaadavate andmete
põhjal, milliseks kujuneb tavapäraselt 14 aasta vanuste samade võimsusnäitajatega laeva remonditud
abimasinate hind. Hankija poolt tuvastatud kohaselt jäi selliste laevade remont vahemikku 10 000 –
15 000 eurot (km-ta). Ettevaatusabinõuna lähtus hankija tuvastatud kõrgemast piiristikust, arvestades
samapalju juurde ka tööde teostamise enda maksumuseks. Kui hankija oleks lähtunud aga madalamast
alusest, siis oleks eeldatavaks maksumuseks kujunenud ca 35 000 eurot, mis on vastavuses kolmanda isiku
pakkumuse maksumusega.
2.20. Eeltoodust ei pidanud hankijal tekkima kahtlust pakkumuse maksumuse põhjendatuses. Pikaaegses
kohtupraktikas on sedastatud, et põhjendamatult madala maksumuse hindamisel peab hankijal esmalt
tekkima põhjendatud kahtlus, et pakkumuse maksumus on põhjendamatult madal. Seejärel tuleb hankijal
anda pakkujale võimalus selgitada ja tõendada, kuidas pakkumuse maksumus kujunes. Põhjendamatult
madala maksumuse kindlakstegemine on keerukas majanduslik otsus, mille üle kohtulik kontroll on
üldjuhul piiratud (Riigikohtu halduskolleegium 3-3-1-50-15, p 23). Lisaks on kohtupraktikas sedastatud, et
üksnes pakkumuse maksumuse erinevus võrreldes teiste pakkujate maksumusega, ei pea automaatselt
tekitama kahtlust pakkumuse maksumuse põhjendatuses. Pakkumust tuleks hinnata tervikuna ning lisaks
hinnaerinevusele peaks tuvastamist leidma täiendavad asjaolud, mis seavad pakkumuse
tõsiseltvõetavuse kahtluse alla (Tallinna Ringkonnakohtu 02.02.2018 otsus asjas nr 3-17-2544, p 13). Kui
lubatud on pakkuda erinevaid tehnoloogilisi lahendusi, siis on see loomulik, et pakkumused oma
maksumuse osas ei ole tervikuna võrreldavad (Tallinna Ringkonnakohtu 25.03.2020 otsus asjas nr 3-19-
2345, p 39).
2.21. Nagu selgitatud, siis lähtuvalt hankija poolt teostatud turu-uuringust, siis hankijal ei tekkinud kahtlust
kolmanda isiku pakkumuse maksumuses. Seda, et hankija ei ole enda arusaamas eksinud ning kolmanda
isiku pakkumus ei ole põhjendamatult madal, kinnitab vaidlustaja enda vaidlustuses toodud arvnäitajad.
2.22. Nimelt on vaidlustaja ise enda vaidlustuse punktis 19 kinnitanud, et Volvo Penta ametlikud varuosad
maksavad edasimüüjatele ca 15 952,41 eurot. Viidatu on vastavuses hankija poolt teostatud turu-
uuringuga, mille kohaselt hankija tuvastas, et varuosade hinnad ühe mootori kohta jäävad vahemikku
10 000 – 15 000 eurot, millest arusaadavalt Volvo Penta enda toodang oli arvestuse ülemine osa. Nagu
aga öeldud siis Volvo OEM koodiga varuosasid on ka soodsamaid. Seega arvestusvahemik 20 000-30 000
eurot kahe mootori remondi varuosadele on realistlik ja õige.
1
Juhendi kohaselt on tegemist AB Volvo Penta juhisega diiselmootorite nr D 5A T, D5A TA, D 7A T, D7A TA ja D7C
TA remontimiseks – „This workshop manual contains descriptions and repair instructions for the following
marine diesel engines: D5A T, D5A TA, D7A T, D7A TA and D7C TA.“
2
Kui hankija leiab, et pakkumuse maksumus on hankelepingu eset arvestades põhjendamatult madal, peab
hankija kirjalikku taasesitamist võimaldavas vormis nõudma pakkujalt asjakohast samas vormis esitatud selgitust.
Pakkuja on kohustatud esitama selgituse hankijale viie tööpäeva jooksul vastava nõude saamisest arvates (RHS
§ 115 lg 1)
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2.23. Lisaks on vaidlustaja välja toonud, et arvestuslik tööjõu töömaht kahe mootori peale on 160 töötundi, mis
hõlmab kahe spetsilisti viie päeva pikkust tööd ühe masina kohta. Kui võtta siinkohal aluseks, et
palgad.stat.ee andmetel on laevamehhaaniku keskmine töötasu ca 3687 eurot (bruto), millise tööjõukulu
palgafond oleks sellisel juhul ca 4933 eurot, siis näitab lihtmatemaatika, et vaidlustaja on arvestanud enda
pakkumuses märkimisväärse suurusega kasumiosa – 22 096,20 eurot.3 Isegi, kui tööjõu kuluosa oleks
mõnevõrra suurem, siis on selge, et kasumiosa katmiseni see ühelgi juhul ei küündi ning vaidlustaja
reaalkulu pakkumusele võiks olla ca 36 835 eurot. Nimetatust nähtub aga, et vaidlustaja ja kolmanda isiku
pakkumuse maksumuse vahe ei ole üldse sedavõrd suur, mis hankijal oleks pidanud äratama kahtlust.
2.24. Kuigi hankija ei tee vaidlustajale etteheiteid tema hinnakujunduse osas, s.t iga ettevõtja otsustab ise,
millises ulatuses kasumimarginaali ta soovib pakkumust esitades teha, siis sellisel juhul ei saa vaidlustajale
aga osutuda üllatuseks, kui ca 37%-se kasumimarginaaliga pakkumus ei osutu edukaks.
2.25. Üksnes asjaolu, et vaidlustaja on seni saanud tegutseda turul monopoolses seisundist ning selle läbi enda
hinnapoliitikat märkimisväärselt kergitada, ei saa vaidlustaja jaoks tähendada, et see olukord
muutumatuks jääkski. Hanketingimuste koostamisel sooviski hankija senist praktikat muuta ning
võimaldada turu avamist laiemalt, mida vaidlustaja hankemenetluse kestel erinevate ettepanekutega
püüdis enda kasuks kitsendada. Hankija selliste teabevahetuse ettepanekutega ei nõustunud, kuid ükski
ettevõtja, s.h vaidlustaja ise hanketingimusi ei vaidlustanud. Seega on hanketingimused oma sellises
kogumis kehtivad.
2.26. Kokkuvõttes ei ole kahtlust, et kolmanda isiku pakkumus vastab riigihanke alusdokumendis sätestatud
tingimustele ning esitatud pakkumuse maksumus on põhjendatud, mistõttu hankija otsus kolmanda
isiku vastavaks ja edukaks tunnistamiseks on olnud õiguspärane. Vaidlustaja vaidlustus tuleb jätta
rahuldamata.
3. MENETLUSLIKUD KÜSIMUSED
3.1. Vaidlustuse läbivaatamise viis. Hankija nõustub vaidlustuse kirjalikku menetlemisega.
3.2. Esindusõigus. Vandeadvokaat Keidi Kõiv kinnitab esindusõiguse olemasolu (RHS § 190 lg 1 1).
LISAD:
Lisa 1 – Volvo Penta Workshop manuaal;
Lugupidamisega
/digitaalselt allkirjastatud/
Keidi Kõiv
Vandeadvokaat
Riigilaevastik lepinguline esindaja
3
58 932 - 31 902,80 – 4 933 = 22 096,20 eurot.
5/5